Autism and Sleep: Causes and Mitigating Solutions

One of the most commonly reported issues with individuals with autism is sleep problems. This may be because many autistic people also have hyperactivity disorders of some kind. Sleep problems can have a significant impact on the overall well-being and quality of life for children and adults with autism.

Research would indicate that between 40% and 80% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience some form of sleep disturbance. These disturbances can manifest in various ways, including difficulty falling asleep (insomnia), frequent night waking (sleep apnea), and poor sleep quality in general. The causes of these sleep problems are multifactorial and can be induced by biological, behavioural, and environmental factors alike.

One possible cause of these sleep problems could be an imbalance in the body’s circadian rhythm; the natural internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle on an approximate 24-hour cycle. Research would show that some individuals with autism have irregular circadian rhythms, resulting in difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep at night as their bodies cannot instinctively conform to the regular 24-hour day.

On the other hand, autism and other conditions such as gastrointestinal problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and anxiety often come hand in hand, in which such conditions are known to disrupt sleep. Sensory sensitivity to light, sound, or touch may be a factor in trouble falling asleep. Disrupted sleep can also be a possible indicator of depression in autistic people, although it is still uncertain whether depression in autistic individuals is a cause or a result of sleep issues. Several other illnesses may also require the use of sleep-related drugs. For instance, a lot of autistic people who suffer from ADHD sufferers often use stimulants, even though they are also known to cause insomnia.

Therefore, these factors would argue that autism is not the main catalyst of sleep problems. However, autism itself gives rise to other external factors (i.e. hyperactivity disorders, medication, mental disorders) that is the true impetus of sleep problems.

Behavioural factors also play a significant role in sleep problems in individuals with autism. Many people with autism may find difficulty regulating their emotions, which can lead to heightened levels of anxiety and stress, resulting in difficulty falling or staying asleep. Additionally, some individuals with autism may engage in repetitive and compulsive behaviours that interfere with the ability to fall asleep.

Environmental factors can also contribute to sleep problems in individuals with autism. Sensory issues, such as sensitivity to noise or light, can make it challenging to fall asleep or stay asleep. Moreover, changes in routine or unfamiliar environments can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle.

Sleep problems in individuals with autism can have significant consequences, resulting in behaviour problems of irritability, increased anxiety, and decreased cognitive functioning. Sleep problems can also impact family member’s sleep, leading to increased stress and anxiety for caregivers as well. However, there are many strategies that can be useful in managing sleep problems in individuals with autism. These include:

1. Developing a consistent bedtime routine

2. Creating a relaxing sleep environment

3. Reducing sensory stimuli before bedtime

4. Promoting physical activity during the day

In some cases, prescription medication may also be necessary to improve sleep quality.

In conclusion, sleep problems are undoubtedly prevalent in individuals with autism. And they can have a significant impact on their overall well-being and quality of life. It is essential to identify the underlying causes of sleep problems and implement effective strategies to promote healthy sleep habits. By addressing these issues, individuals with autism can experience improved daytime functioning, reduced behavioural problems, and increased quality of life.